Pumped storage plants utilize the force of gravity to produce electricity by cycling water between a lower and upper reservoir. These plants operate with two reservoirs: the upper and lower reservoirs.

Water stored in the upper reservoir is released to generate power during peak demand periods. Conversely, during off-peak hours, water from the lower reservoir is pumped back up to the upper reservoir, maintaining the continuous energy cycle.

There are two main types of pumped storage plants: "open loop" and "closed loop" (or off-river PSH). Open loop systems utilize a natural water source, such as a river, for one or both reservoirs, while closed loop systems operate without a connected natural water source, cycling the same water between the reservoirs for pumping and generation.

The energy storage capacity of a pumped hydro facility is determined by the size of its two reservoirs and the vertical distance (head) between them. Additionally, the amount of power generated is directly correlated with the size of the turbine used in the system.

Read More About- Pumped Storage Hydropower Projects