Tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has been a health threat for centuries. Despite modern advances in medicine, TB remains a leading cause of death globally, particularly in low-income countries. The disease primarily affects the lungs, but it can also spread to other parts of the body. It is highly contagious, and early detection and treatment are crucial for preventing its spread and ensuring better outcomes for patients. In India, where TB is still a significant public health issue, recognising the early symptoms of TB disease can make all the difference in how quickly a person receives the necessary treatment.

Unfortunately, many people overlook the early symptoms of TB because they resemble common illnesses such as colds or the flu. Ignoring or misdiagnosing these symptoms can lead to prolonged suffering and increased risk of transmission. It is important to be aware of the warning signs of TB, especially for individuals who are at higher risk, such as those with weakened immune systems, close contact with people infected with TB, or a history of smoking.

In this article, we will highlight the early symptoms of TB that you shouldn’t ignore, and explain why recognising these symptoms early can help you get the proper treatment faster.

Persistent Cough

One of the hallmark symptoms of TB is a persistent cough that lasts more than three weeks. Unlike a regular cough that typically improves after a few days, a TB-related cough worsens over time and doesn’t seem to go away. If your cough is accompanied by other symptoms, such as blood in the mucus or phlegm, it’s a clear indication that you should seek medical attention immediately. TB bacteria in the lungs cause inflammation and irritation, which leads to coughing. In some cases, coughing up blood (hemoptysis) is a sign of advanced TB.

Fever and Night Sweats

Another common symptom of TB is a low-grade fever that persists over weeks or even months. Along with fever, night sweats are also frequently observed in individuals with TB. These symptoms occur because the body’s immune system is fighting the infection, causing an increase in body temperature. The night sweats are particularly concerning because they can be intense enough to soak your bed sheets, leaving you feeling fatigued and drenched in sweat by morning.

Unexplained Weight Loss

Unintentional weight loss is one of the most significant signs of TB disease. When the body is fighting an infection, it tends to lose weight, especially if the infection is chronic. For individuals with TB, the weight loss is often rapid and unexplained, and it can cause noticeable fatigue and weakness. In many cases, people suffering from TB may also experience a loss of appetite, further contributing to their inability to maintain a healthy weight.

Fatigue and Weakness

Persistent fatigue and a general feeling of weakness are common symptoms of TB, especially in the early stages. The body's immune system requires a lot of energy to fight off the infection, which leaves the individual feeling exhausted even after resting. If you feel unusually tired or lack energy for extended periods, it's crucial to see a doctor who can assess your symptoms and rule out TB or any other underlying conditions.

Chest Pain

Some people with TB may experience chest pain or discomfort, which can be particularly noticeable when coughing or breathing deeply. Chest pain occurs due to the inflammation caused by the infection in the lungs, which can lead to pleurisy (inflammation of the lining of the lungs). If you experience persistent chest pain along with other TB symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation.

Shortness of Breath

As TB progresses, it can cause the lungs to become damaged, leading to difficulty in breathing. Shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea, can be caused by the infection spreading and affecting the air sacs in the lungs. People with TB may feel out of breath after simple activities, such as walking or climbing stairs. This symptom, when combined with other TB symptoms, should not be ignored and requires immediate attention.

Swollen Lymph Nodes

Swollen lymph nodes are a common sign of TB, particularly when the infection spreads to other parts of the body. Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that are part of the body’s immune system, and they may swell as they attempt to fight off the bacteria. In TB patients, the lymph nodes in the neck or armpits may become enlarged and tender. If you notice any unusual swelling in these areas, it could be an indication of TB, and you should seek medical attention as soon as possible.

Coughing up Blood (Hemoptysis)

Coughing up blood is one of the more alarming symptoms of TB and can indicate that the infection has progressed to an advanced stage. The presence of blood in the sputum may be a sign of lung damage caused by the TB bacteria. If you experience this symptom, it is important to consult a healthcare provider immediately for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Why Recognising TB Symptoms Early is Crucial

Early detection of tuberculosis is essential for successful treatment and preventing the spread of the disease. The earlier you begin treatment, the more likely you are to avoid complications such as lung damage, organ failure, or the development of drug-resistant TB. Timely treatment also reduces the risk of infecting others, as TB is highly contagious and can spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

Moreover, TB is a treatable disease. If diagnosed in its early stages, the treatment regimen usually consists of a combination of antibiotics that need to be taken over a period of six months. However, in more severe cases, or in cases of drug-resistant TB, treatment may be more complex and require longer courses of medication.

Protect Your Health with the Right Coverage

While early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing tuberculosis, having access to quality healthcare plays an equally important role in ensuring your health is safeguarded. In today’s fast-paced world, it is essential to have a reliable health insurance policy that covers a wide range of medical expenses, including those associated with TB treatment.

For individuals seeking comprehensive medical coverage, it is worth exploring the best health insurance policy available in the market. Niva Bupa offers a range of plans that cater to different healthcare needs, ensuring that individuals and families are covered against various health risks, including infectious diseases like TB. Whether you are looking for an individual policy or a best medical insurance policy for family, Niva Bupa has tailored options to provide peace of mind during difficult health situations.

Having a health insurance policy ensures that you have access to timely medical care, diagnostic services, medications, and treatments without the added burden of financial strain. This is especially important when dealing with a long-term illness like TB, where the cost of treatment can add up over time. By choosing the best health insurance policy, you are not only protecting your health but also ensuring that your treatment journey is smoother and more affordable.