The principles of extractive metallurgy involve the processes of separating valuable metals from their ores through techniques like pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and electrometallurgy. These methods focus on efficiently extracting, refining, and purifying metals while minimizing energy consumption and environmental impact. Key principles include thermodynamics, kinetics, and material balance, which guide the selection and optimization of extraction techniques. Mastery of these principles is crucial for producing high-purity metals critical for various industries.
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